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This article centers on the question of whether state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are instruments of China's foreign strategy. A simplistic answer of yes or no is far from sufficient, as the positive view suffers from ignorance of SOEs' agency, while the negative view is blind to the entrenched connections between SOEs and the government. It is obvious that SOEs have close connections with the Chinese government. However, whether these connections can be regarded as making SOEs a strategic instrument in China's foreign policies remains to be further studied. This article starts with the various SOE-government relationship models in the 'going out', i.e. globalizing, endeavours of SOEs in Southeast Asia and examines the fitness and priorities of the two parties' interests under each relationship model. The article concludes that under the government + SOE model, SOEs have long been the instruments of China's foreign strategy. Under the SOE + government model, SOEs can be regarded as weak instruments of foreign strategy, while under the independent SOE model, SOEs are likely to function as profit-driven economic players. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

China is one of the world's foremost economic powers, affecting many countries' economies and political issues. China standing by the five principles of peaceful coexistence, is ready to cultivate friendly cooperation and ties with all countries that contribute to international peace, security, and mutual prosperity. Africa is an important factor for global stability and prosperity with the highest number of developing countries. Africa is still of considerable significance to the Chinese Government. Therefore, the Chinese government wishes to present China's African strategy and its action to implement them and its plans for cooperation in different areas to facilitate the steady development of China-Africa ties in the long period. However, China's foreign policies are changing and developing recently. This study utilized qualitative analysis to identify the collaboration and relations between African countries and China to know how Chinese foreign strategy changes Africa's strategic ramifications and repercussions. The findings showed that the partnership between China and Africa by win-win strategy, from moral emphasis throughout the colonial phase to tactical considerations and non-intervention to constructive involvement on the continent, are three strands of foreign strategy shifts.

Myanmar has crafted a neutral foreign policy since its colonial years to avoid leaning too much on any foreign power, but a spiraling political crisis at home is pushing it toward China as a buffer against international outrage. Myanmar faces charges of genocide against the Rohingya. China has backed Myanmar in the UN. In fact, China is in a similar situation. China is grappling with international criticism over perceived repression of ethnic Uighur people. Myanmar is exposed to various words and loud in the international community. So Myanmar wants to improve relations with China and is turning into an active cooperative attitude as a strategy to secure a friendly army. This paper shows how the diplomatic relations between Myanmar and China are changing, and how Myanmar's foreign strategy toward China is approaching. Also this article analyzes the outlook of diplomatic relations and the implications of the current situation.